Uremic Solutes Database HOME   SOLUTE LIST   SOLUTE DETAILS   STATISTICS   LOGIN   REGISTER Solute Details for Indoxyl sulfate (total) Switch to solute: 1-Methyladenosine 1-Methylguanosine 1-Methylinosine 2-Heptenal 2-Hexenal 2-Nonenal 2-Octenal 3-Carboxy-4-Methyl-5-Propyl-2-Furanpropanoic Acid (CMPF) 3-Deoxyglucosone 4-Decenal 4-HO-Decenal 4-HO-Hexenal 4-HO-Nonenal 4-HO-Octenal 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Adiponectin Adrenomedullin Angiogenin Arab(in)itol Argininic Acid Asymetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Cholecystokinin Clara cell protein (CC16) Complement Factor D Creatine Creatinine Cystatin C Cytidine Decanal Degranulation Inhibiting Protein I Delta-sleep Inducing Peptide Dihydroxyphenylalanine (PB-DOPA) Dimethylamine Dimethylglycine Endothelin Erythritol Ethylamine Fructoselysine Glyoxal Guanidine Guanidinosuccinic acid Guanylin Heptanal Hexanal Hippuric acid (total) Homocysteine Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan) Hypoxanthine Indican Indole-3-acetic acid (free) Indole-3-acetic acid (total) Indoxyl sulfate (free) Indoxyl sulfate (total) Indoxyl-β-D-glucoronide Inosine Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Interleukin-10 Interleukin-18 Interleukin-1β Interleukin-6 Kinurenine Kynurenic Acid Leptin Malondialdehyde (MDA) Mannitol Melatonin Methionine-Enkephalin Methylglyoxal Methylguanidine Monomethylamine Motiline Myoinositol N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine N4-Acetylcytidine N6-Methyladenosine N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine Neopterin Neuropeptide Y Nicotinamide Nonanal Orotic Acid Orotidine Osteocalcin Oxalate p-Cresylsulfate (free) p-Cresylsulfate (total) Parathyroid hormone Pentosidine Phenol Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetylglutamine Pseudouridine Putrescine Quinolinic Acid Resistin Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) S-Adenosylhomocysteine Sorbitol Substance P Symetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) Taurocyamine Threitol Trimethylamine Trimethylamine-N-oxide Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF) Urea Uric Acid Uridine Uroguanylin Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) Vasopressin (ADH) Xanthine Xanthosine α-keto-δ-Guanidinovaleric Acid α-N-Acetylarginine α1-Acid glycoprotein β-2-Microglobulin β-Endorphin β-Guanidinopropionic Acid β-Lipotropin γ-guanidinobutyric Acid λ-Ig Light Chain Base data Name Indoxyl sulfate (total) Molecular weight 212 Group Indole Class Protein-bound [4] Added 16.09.2009 Reference Pubmed: 12675874 Submitted by Vanholder Reviewed by Abou Deif Normal concentrations (CN) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 16.08.1994 0.60 (+/-5.40) mg/L 40 Indoxyl sulfate, a circulating uremic... Vanholder Abou Deif 03.03.2003 0.60 (+/-0.10) mg/L 5 Effects of the oral adsorbent AST-120... Abou Deif Argiles 09.01.2011 0.60 (+/-0.20) mg/L 7 Colonic contribution to uremic solutes. Abou Deif Argiles 08.03.2011 0.40 (+/-0.30) mg/L 21 Levels of circulating endothelial pro... Abou Deif Argiles Grand mean 0.54 (+/-4.00) (0.40-0.60) mg/L 73 ANOVA F(3,69) = 0.01, p=1.00: No significant differences between group means. Dispersion L:0.40, M:0.54, H:0.60 : A - (Minimal scatter: High consistency.) Uremic concentrations (CU) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 16.08.1994 53.00 (+/-91.50) mg/L 20 Indoxyl sulfate, a circulating uremic... Vanholder Abou Deif 03.03.2003 17.90 (+/-10.10) mg/L 5 Effects of the oral adsorbent AST-120... Abou Deif Argiles 03.12.2003 28.00 (+/-14.20) mg/L 10 Studies on dialysate mixing in the Ge... Abou Deif Argiles 05.11.2006 38.71 (+/-16.73) mg/L 111 The importance of residual renal func... Abou Deif Argiles 07.02.2007 26.00 (+/-8.00) mg/L 11 Effect of the super-flux cellulose tr... Abou Deif Argiles 02.11.2010 37.60 (+/-16.50) mg/L 47 Association between indoxyl sulfate a... Abou Deif Argiles 12.11.2010 22.10 (+/-7.90) mg/L 8 Protein-bound uraemic toxin removal i... Abou Deif Argiles 09.01.2011 28.00 (+/-13.00) mg/L 9 Colonic contribution to uremic solutes. Abou Deif Argiles 07.02.2011 44.48 (+/-15.28) mg/L 71 Factors associated with blood concent... Abou Deif Argiles 08.03.2011 29.60 (+/-14.90) mg/L 38 Levels of circulating endothelial pro... Abou Deif Argiles 02.11.2012 26.50 (6.90-52.40) mg/L 9 Effects of synbiotic treatment on ser... Abou Deif Argiles [16] 02.11.2012 4.63 (0.23-53.58) mg/L 5 p-Cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphat... Abou Deif Argiles [16] Grand mean 37.07 (+/-26.50) (0.23-53.58) mg/L 344 ANOVA F(9,320) = 2.42, p=0.01: Significant differences between group means. Dispersion L:0.23, M:37.07, H:53.58 : C - (Wide scatter: High uncertainty.) Relative increase (CU/CN) 68.34 times higher than the average normal concentration. Pathological associations Date Category Reference Comment 02.04.2007 Cardiovascular Indoxyl sulfate and atherosclerotic r... Indoxyl sulfate may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 04.05.2012 Nephrologic Uremic toxins induce kidney fibrosis ... Uremic toxins induce kidney fibrosis by activating intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. 02.11.2012 Nephrologic p-Cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphat... Indoxyl sulfate levels may help in predicting the risk of renal progression in patients having different stages of CKD. 21.04.2015 Cardiovascular Contribution of microRNA to pathologi... Results suggest a clear role of IS in altering microRNA-21 and microRNA-29b in myocardial infarction heart, which leads to cardiac fibrosis. Notes 4 This protein-bound solute has a molecular weight conforming to middle molecules. 16 Excluded from analysis of variance for missing arithmetic mean, standard deviation or sample count.