Uremic Solutes Database HOME   SOLUTE LIST   SOLUTE DETAILS   STATISTICS   LOGIN   REGISTER Solute Details for Urea Switch to solute: 1-Methyladenosine 1-Methylguanosine 1-Methylinosine 2-Heptenal 2-Hexenal 2-Nonenal 2-Octenal 3-Carboxy-4-Methyl-5-Propyl-2-Furanpropanoic Acid (CMPF) 3-Deoxyglucosone 4-Decenal 4-HO-Decenal 4-HO-Hexenal 4-HO-Nonenal 4-HO-Octenal 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Adiponectin Adrenomedullin Angiogenin Arab(in)itol Argininic Acid Asymetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Cholecystokinin Clara cell protein (CC16) Complement Factor D Creatine Creatinine Cystatin C Cytidine Decanal Degranulation Inhibiting Protein I Delta-sleep Inducing Peptide Dihydroxyphenylalanine (PB-DOPA) Dimethylamine Dimethylglycine Endothelin Erythritol Ethylamine Fructoselysine Glyoxal Guanidine Guanidinosuccinic acid Guanylin Heptanal Hexanal Hippuric acid (total) Homocysteine Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan) Hypoxanthine Indican Indole-3-acetic acid (free) Indole-3-acetic acid (total) Indoxyl sulfate (free) Indoxyl sulfate (total) Indoxyl-β-D-glucoronide Inosine Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Interleukin-10 Interleukin-18 Interleukin-1β Interleukin-6 Kinurenine Kynurenic Acid Leptin Malondialdehyde (MDA) Mannitol Melatonin Methionine-Enkephalin Methylglyoxal Methylguanidine Monomethylamine Motiline Myoinositol N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine N4-Acetylcytidine N6-Methyladenosine N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine Neopterin Neuropeptide Y Nicotinamide Nonanal Orotic Acid Orotidine Osteocalcin Oxalate p-Cresylsulfate (free) p-Cresylsulfate (total) Parathyroid hormone Pentosidine Phenol Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetylglutamine Pseudouridine Putrescine Quinolinic Acid Resistin Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) S-Adenosylhomocysteine Sorbitol Substance P Symetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) Taurocyamine Threitol Trimethylamine Trimethylamine-N-oxide Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF) Urea Uric Acid Uridine Uroguanylin Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) Vasopressin (ADH) Xanthine Xanthosine α-keto-δ-Guanidinovaleric Acid α-N-Acetylarginine α1-Acid glycoprotein β-2-Microglobulin β-Endorphin β-Guanidinopropionic Acid β-Lipotropin γ-guanidinobutyric Acid λ-Ig Light Chain Base data Name Urea Molecular weight 60 Group other Class Water-soluble Added 16.09.2009 Reference Pubmed: 12675874 Submitted by Vanholder Reviewed by Abou Deif Normal concentrations (CN) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 23.04.1973 (?-0.40) g/L 23 Volatile phenols in serum of uraemic ... Vanholder Abou Deif [10] [16] 08.03.2011 0.30 (+/-0.12) mg/L 21 Levels of circulating endothelial pro... Abou Deif Argiles Grand mean 0.30 (+/-0.12) (0.30-0.40) g/L 21 ANOVA Dispersion L:0.30, M:0.30, H:0.40 : A - (Minimal scatter: High consistency.) Uremic concentrations (CU) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 23.04.1973 2.30 (+/-1.10) (?-4.60) g/L 16 Volatile phenols in serum of uraemic ... Vanholder Abou Deif 03.12.2003 1.30 (+/-0.37) g/L 10 Studies on dialysate mixing in the Ge... Abou Deif Argiles 08.03.2011 1.33 (+/-0.38) mg/L 38 Levels of circulating endothelial pro... Abou Deif Argiles Grand mean 1.57 (+/-0.64) (1.30-4.60) g/L 64 ANOVA F(2,61) = 13.93, p=0.00: Significant differences between group means. Dispersion L:1.30, M:1.57, H:4.60 : B - (Medium scatter: Considerable degree of uncertainty.) Relative increase (CU/CN) 5.23 times higher than the average normal concentration. Pathological associations Date Category Reference Comment 30.11.-0001 Cardiovascular Urea-induced ROS cause endothelial dy... Urea at levels common in patients with CRF causes [aortic] endothelial dysfunction and activation of proatherogenic pathways. 27.12.2007 Cardiovascular Protein carbamylation links inflammat... Cyanate, a reactive species in equilibrium with urea, carbamylates proteins. Protein carbamylation is a mechanism linking inflammation, smoking, uremia and coronary artery disease pathogenesis. Notes 10 Only maximum range available, or detection limit used as maximum range. 16 Excluded from analysis of variance for missing arithmetic mean, standard deviation or sample count.