Uremic Solutes Database
Solute Details for Urea
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Base data
Name Urea
Molecular weight 60
Group other
Class Water-soluble
Added 16.09.2009
Reference Pubmed: 12675874
Submitted by Vanholder
Reviewed by Abou Deif

Normal concentrations (CN)
DateMean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range)nReferenceSubmitted byReviewed byNotes
23.04.1973 (?-0.40) g/L23Volatile phenols in serum of uraemic ...VanholderAbou Deif[10] [16]
08.03.20110.30 (+/-0.12) mg/L21Levels of circulating endothelial pro...Abou DeifArgiles
Grand mean0.30 (+/-0.12) (0.30-0.40) g/L21
ANOVA
DispersionL:0.30, M:0.30, H:0.40 : A - (Minimal scatter: High consistency.)

Uremic concentrations (CU)
DateMean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range)nReferenceSubmitted byReviewed byNotes
23.04.19732.30 (+/-1.10) (?-4.60) g/L16Volatile phenols in serum of uraemic ...VanholderAbou Deif
03.12.20031.30 (+/-0.37) g/L10Studies on dialysate mixing in the Ge...Abou DeifArgiles
08.03.20111.33 (+/-0.38) mg/L38Levels of circulating endothelial pro...Abou DeifArgiles
Grand mean1.57 (+/-0.64) (1.30-4.60) g/L64
ANOVAF(2,61) = 13.93, p=0.00: Significant differences between group means.
DispersionL:1.30, M:1.57, H:4.60 : B - (Medium scatter: Considerable degree of uncertainty.)

Relative increase (CU/CN) 5.23 times higher than the average normal concentration.

Pathological associations
DateCategoryReferenceComment
30.11.-0001CardiovascularUrea-induced ROS cause endothelial dy...Urea at levels common in patients with CRF causes [aortic] endothelial dysfunction and activation of proatherogenic pathways.
27.12.2007CardiovascularProtein carbamylation links inflammat...Cyanate, a reactive species in equilibrium with urea, carbamylates proteins. Protein carbamylation is a mechanism linking inflammation, smoking, uremia and coronary artery disease pathogenesis.

Notes
10Only maximum range available, or detection limit used as maximum range.
16Excluded from analysis of variance for missing arithmetic mean, standard deviation or sample count.