Uremic Solutes Database HOME   SOLUTE LIST   SOLUTE DETAILS   STATISTICS   LOGIN   REGISTER Solute Details for Indoxyl sulfate (free) Switch to solute: 1-Methyladenosine 1-Methylguanosine 1-Methylinosine 2-Heptenal 2-Hexenal 2-Nonenal 2-Octenal 3-Carboxy-4-Methyl-5-Propyl-2-Furanpropanoic Acid (CMPF) 3-Deoxyglucosone 4-Decenal 4-HO-Decenal 4-HO-Hexenal 4-HO-Nonenal 4-HO-Octenal 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Adiponectin Adrenomedullin Angiogenin Arab(in)itol Argininic Acid Asymetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Cholecystokinin Clara cell protein (CC16) Complement Factor D Creatine Creatinine Cystatin C Cytidine Decanal Degranulation Inhibiting Protein I Delta-sleep Inducing Peptide Dihydroxyphenylalanine (PB-DOPA) Dimethylamine Dimethylglycine Endothelin Erythritol Ethylamine Fructoselysine Glyoxal Guanidine Guanidinosuccinic acid Guanylin Heptanal Hexanal Hippuric acid (total) Homocysteine Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan) Hypoxanthine Indican Indole-3-acetic acid (free) Indole-3-acetic acid (total) Indoxyl sulfate (free) Indoxyl sulfate (total) Indoxyl-β-D-glucoronide Inosine Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Interleukin-10 Interleukin-18 Interleukin-1β Interleukin-6 Kinurenine Kynurenic Acid Leptin Malondialdehyde (MDA) Mannitol Melatonin Methionine-Enkephalin Methylglyoxal Methylguanidine Monomethylamine Motiline Myoinositol N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine N4-Acetylcytidine N6-Methyladenosine N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine Neopterin Neuropeptide Y Nicotinamide Nonanal Orotic Acid Orotidine Osteocalcin Oxalate p-Cresylsulfate (free) p-Cresylsulfate (total) Parathyroid hormone Pentosidine Phenol Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetylglutamine Pseudouridine Putrescine Quinolinic Acid Resistin Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) S-Adenosylhomocysteine Sorbitol Substance P Symetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) Taurocyamine Threitol Trimethylamine Trimethylamine-N-oxide Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF) Urea Uric Acid Uridine Uroguanylin Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) Vasopressin (ADH) Xanthine Xanthosine α-keto-δ-Guanidinovaleric Acid α-N-Acetylarginine α1-Acid glycoprotein β-2-Microglobulin β-Endorphin β-Guanidinopropionic Acid β-Lipotropin γ-guanidinobutyric Acid λ-Ig Light Chain Base data Name Indoxyl sulfate (free) Molecular weight 212 Group Indole Class Protein-bound [4] Added 01.08.2012 Reference Pubmed: 22626821 Submitted by Duranton Reviewed by Abou Deif Normal concentrations (CN) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 12.11.2006 0.53 (+/-0.29) mg/L 15 Hemodialysis reduces inhibitory effec... Abou Deif Argiles [2] Grand mean 0.53 (+/-0.29) mg/L 15 ANOVA Dispersion Uremic concentrations (CU) Date Mean (+/-SD) (low Range - high Range) n Reference Submitted by Reviewed by Notes 03.12.2003 3.60 (+/-2.70) mg/L 10 Studies on dialysate mixing in the Ge... Abou Deif Argiles 05.11.2006 3.69 (+/-2.40) mg/L 111 The importance of residual renal func... Abou Deif Argiles 12.11.2006 2.09 (+/-2.25) mg/L 10 Hemodialysis reduces inhibitory effec... Abou Deif Argiles [2] 07.02.2007 2.70 (+/-1.30) mg/L 11 Effect of the super-flux cellulose tr... Abou Deif Argiles 07.02.2011 4.49 (+/-2.67) mg/L 71 Factors associated with blood concent... Abou Deif Argiles Grand mean 3.83 (+/-2.46) (2.09-4.49) mg/L 213 ANOVA F(4,208) = 6.28, p=0.00: Significant differences between group means. Dispersion L:2.09, M:3.83, H:4.49 : A - (Minimal scatter: High consistency.) Relative increase (CU/CN) 7.19 times higher than the average normal concentration. Pathological associations Date Category Reference Comment 04.05.2012 Nephrologic Uremic toxins induce kidney fibrosis ... Uremic toxins induce kidney fibrosis by activating intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. 02.11.2012 Nephrologic p-Cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphat... Indoxyl sulfate levels may help in predicting the risk of renal progression in patients having different stages of CKD. Notes 2 Units reported as mol/l transformed to g/l as C(g/l) = [C(mol/l) * molecular weight] 4 This protein-bound solute has a molecular weight conforming to middle molecules.